Bhojpuri is an Indo-Aryan language spoken in the northeastern part of India and in some regions of Nepal and Mauritius. It is primarily spoken in the Indian states of Bihar, Jharkhand, and eastern Uttar Pradesh. Bhojpuri is recognized as a regional language and is part of the Bihari group of languages.
Table of Contents
Structure of Bhojpuri Alphabet
The Bhojpuri script is written in the Devanagari script, which is also used for languages like Hindi and Sanskrit. The Bhojpuri alphabet consists of a set of consonants and vowels, which are written from left to right. Here is the structure of the Bhojpuri alphabet in Devanagari script:
Bhojpuri Vowels (Swar)/Independent Vowels
Bhojpuri vowels, also known as “Swar (स्वर)” or Independent vowels are written before the consonants. This is because the vowels are considered to be more important than the consonants in the Devanagari script. The vowels determine the sound of the consonant, and the consonants are simply modifiers of the vowel sound.
Bhojpuri vowels have 13 basic vowels that can stand alone at the beginning of a syllable. They are:
| Bhojpuri Vowels | Pronunciation | Typing guidance |
|---|---|---|
| अ | ah  | Type a |
| आ | aa | Type aa |
| इ | ee | Type i |
| ई | ii | Type ii |
| उ | oo | Type u |
| ऊ | uu | Type uu |
| ए | eh | Type e |
| ऐ | ai | Type ai |
| ओ | oh | Type o |
| औ | au | Type au |
| अं | am | Type am |
| अ: | ahm | Type a: |
| ऋ | ri | Type ri |
Bhojpuri Vowel Signs (Matras)/Dependent Vowel
Bhojpuri vowel signs also known as Dependent vowels are the vowels that are attached to consonants. They are written as diacritics above or below the consonant. The following are the dependent vowels:
| Bhojpuri Vowel Sign | Pronunciation | Typing guidance |
|---|---|---|
| ा | aa (Aakar) | Type a after the consonant |
| ि | ee (Hraswa ekaar) | Type i after the consonant |
| ी | ii (Dirgha ekaar) | Type ii after the consonant |
| ु | oo (Hraswa ukaar) | Type u after the consonant |
| ू | uu (Dirgha ukaar) | Type uu after the consonant |
| े | eh (Ehkaar) | Type e after the consonant |
| ै | ai (Aikaar) | Type ai after the consonant |
| ो | oh (Okaar) | Type o after the consonant |
| ौ | au (Aukaar) | Type au after the consonant |
| ◌ं | am (Anusvara) | Type am after the consonant |
| : | ah (Visarga) | Type : |
| ृ | ri (Rikar) | Type r after the consonant |
Bhojpuri Special Characters
The Bhojpuri alphabet also includes special characters that convey specific sounds and meanings:
| Bhojpuri Special Characters | Pronunciation | Typing Guidance |
|---|---|---|
| ◌ँ | Chandrabindu | Type n after the consonant |
| । | Full stop/Purnabiram | Type . |
| ॐ | Om | Type OM |
| 卐 | Swastika | N/A *Copy this sign from here |
Bhojpuri Consonants (Vyanjan)
Consonants are the basic building blocks of the Bhojpuri alphabet. They represent the primary sounds used in forming words. Consonants in the Bhojpuri alphabet are organized based on their place and manner of articulation.
| Bhojpuri Consonants | Pronunciation | Typing Guidance |
|---|---|---|
| क | ka | Type k |
| ख | kha | Type kh |
| ग | ga | Type g |
| घ | gha | Type gh |
| ङ | nga | Type ng |
| च | cha | Type ch |
| छ | chha | Type chh |
| ज | ja | Type j |
| झ | jha | Type jh |
| ञ | nya | Type nya |
| ट | ṭa | Type Ta |
| ठ | ṭha | Type th |
| ड | ḍa | Type D |
| ढ | ḍha | Type Dh |
| ण | ṇa | Type N |
| त | ta | Type ta |
| थ | tha | Type tha |
| द | da | Type d |
| ध | dha | Type dh |
| न | na | Type n |
| प | pa | Type pa |
| फ | pha | Type f |
| ब | ba | Type b |
| भ | bha | Type bh |
| म | ma | Type m |
| य | ya | Type y |
| र | ra | Type r |
| ल | la | Type l |
| व | va | Type v |
| श | sha | Type sh |
| ष | ṣa | Type Sh |
| स | sa | Type s |
| ह | ha | Type h |
| क्ष | kṣhya | Type ksh |
| त्र | tra | Type tr |
| ज्ञ | gya | Type gy |
Baahrakhari System
The Baahrakhari system is a unique feature of the Bhojpuri script that combines consonants and vowel signs to form complete syllables. This system allows for the creation of various sounds and is crucial for accurately representing the Bhojpuri language.
Here’s an example of how the Baahrakhari system is structured for some Bhojpuri consonants:
| Consonant | Vowel | Consonant + Vowel Combination |
|---|---|---|
| क | अ (a) | क (ka) |
| आ (aa) | का (kaa) | |
| इ (i) | कि (ki) | |
| ई (ee) | की (kee) | |
| उ (u) | कु (ku) | |
| ऊ (oo) | कू (koo) | |
| ए (e) | के (ke) | |
| ऐ (ai) | कै (kai) | |
| ओ (o) | को (ko) | |
| औ (au) | कौ (kau) | |
| अं (aM) | कं (kaM) | |
| अ: (ahm) | क: (k:) | |
| ऋ (ri) | कृ (kri) |
And that’s the Bhojpuri alphabet, covered!
Now you know the Vowels (Swar), Vowel Signs (Matra), Consonants (Vyanjan), and Baahrakhari of the Bhojpuri alphabet. You’re practically a master of Bhojpuri letters and sounds. But, of course, that’s only the beginning.
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